Graves' disease

(noun)

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis).

Related Terms

  • T3 and T4
  • Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Examples of Graves' disease in the following topics:

  • Hypersensitivity

    • Associated disorders: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, Erythroblastosis, fetalis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Membranous nephropathy, Graves' disease, Myasthenia Gravis.
    • Associated disorders: Contact dermatitis, Mantoux test, Chronic transplant rejection, Multiple sclerosis, T-cells VAutoimmune disease receptor mediated, Graves' disease,Myasthenia Gravis.
  • Thyroid Gland Disorders

    • It is most commonly caused by the development of Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease in which antibodies are produced that stimulate the thyroid to secrete excessive quantities of thyroid hormones.
    • In the case of Graves' disease, beta blockers are used to decrease symptoms of hyperthyroidism and anti-thyroid drugs are used to decrease the production of thyroid hormones.
    • Hashimoto's disease is more common in females than males, usually appearing after the age of 30, and tends to run in families.
    • Also more common in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are type 1 diabetes and celiac disease.
    • The etiology is not always known, but can sometimes be attributed to autoimmunity, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or Graves' disease.
  • Type II (Cytotoxic) Reactions

    • Graves' disease is an autoimmune disease where the thyroid is overactive, producing an excessive amount of thyroid hormones (a serious metabolic imbalance known as hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis).
    • Autoimmune diseases resemble type II-IV hypersensitivity reactions.
  • The Roles of Genetics and Gender in Autoimmune Disease

    • Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease.
    • Prominent examples include Coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 (IDDM), Sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's Disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and allergies.
    • Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.
    • Three main sets of genes are suspected in many autoimmune diseases.
    • A person's sex also seems to have some role in the development of autoimmunity, classifying most autoimmune diseases as sex-related diseases.
  • Cytotoxic Autoimmune Reactions

    • Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease.
    • Prominent examples include Coeliac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1 (IDDM), Sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome, Churg-Strauss Syndrome, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Addison's Disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and allergies.
    • Autoimmune diseases are very often treated with steroids.
    • A person's sex also seems to have some role in the development of autoimmunity, classifying most autoimmune diseases as sex-related diseases.
    • According to the American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association (AARDA), autoimmune diseases that develop in men tend to be more severe.
  • History of Bacterial Diseases

    • The source of the plague may have been identified recently when researchers from the University of Athens were able to use DNA from teeth recovered from a mass grave.
    • The distribution of a particular disease is dynamic.
    • Approximately 75 percent of recently-emerging infectious diseases affecting humans are zoonotic diseases.
    • Some of the currently-emerging diseases are not actually new, but are diseases that were catastrophic in the past.
    • Carriers of the disease can be asymptomatic.
  • Sculpture of the Nok

    • Some even illustrate physical ailments, disease, or facial paralysis.
    • While their function is largely unknown, theories include use as ancestor portrayal, grave markers, finials for roofs of buildings (suggested by their dome-shaped bases), or charms to protect against crop failure, infertility, or illness.
    • Nok sculptures may have been used as grave markers, charms or portrayals of ancestors.
  • Mycenaean Metallurgy

    • Grave Circle A is a set of graves from the sixteenth century BCE located at Mycenae.
    • The graves were often marked by a mound of earth above them and grave stele.
    • Grave Circle A, Grave Shaft IV, Mycenae, Greece.
    • Grave Circle A, Grave shaft V, Mycenae, Greece.
    • Grave Circle A, Grave Shaft IV, Mycenae, Greece.
  • Stelae in the Greek High Classical Period

    • Stelae as grave markers became popular around 430 BCE, coinciding with the beginning of the Peloponnesian War.
    • The Grave Stele of Hegeso from the Kerameikos Cemetery outside of Athens depicts a seated woman.
    • The Grave Stele of an Athlete (early fourth century BCE) from the island of Delos depicts a male athlete receiving lekythos of oil from a male youth.
    • While the above stelae commemorate adults, grave stelae also commemorated those who died as children.
    • Such images of children and companion animals are common subject matter on grave stelae of the Classical era.
  • The Decimation of the Great Bison Herds and the Fight for the Black Hills

    • Loss of habitat, disease, and over-hunting steadily reduced the herds through the 19th century, bringing the species to the point of near extinction.
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