general adaptation syndrome

Examples of general adaptation syndrome in the following topics:

• The Resistance Reaction

  • Resistance is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome, where the body has an increased capacity to respond to the stressor.
  • Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
  • Resistance reaction is the second stage of the general adaptation syndrome and is characterized by a heightened resistance to a stressor.

• Exhaustion

  • Although the body begins to try to adapt to the strains or demands of the environment, the body cannot keep this up indefinitely, so its resources are gradually depleted.
  • Exhaustion is the third and final stage in the general adaptation syndrome model.

• Intellectual Disabilities

  • Intellectual disabilities are neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
  • An intellectual disability is a generalized neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significantly impaired intellectual and adaptive functioning.
  • Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome are examples of syndromic intellectual disabilities.
  • In general, people with intellectual disability have an IQ below 70, but the diagnosis may also apply to individuals who have a somewhat higher IQ but severe impairment in adaptive functioning.
  • The most prevalent genetic conditions include Down syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, fragile X syndrome (common among boys), neurofibromatosis, congenital hypothyroidism, Williams syndrome, phenylketonuria (PKU), and Prader-Willi syndrome.

• Down Syndrome

  • Down syndrome or Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a chromosomal condition caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21.
  • In general, this leads to an over expression of the genes.
  • This is the cause of 1–2% of the observed Down syndromes.
  • Translocation Down syndrome is often referred to as familial Down syndrome.
  • Many standard prenatal screens can discover Down syndrome.

• Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

  • Generally, the symptoms and signs that lead to the diagnosis of an immunodeficiency include recurrent or persistent infections, or developmental delay as a result of infection.
  • In genetic immunodeficiency disorders, both T lymphocytes and often B lymphocytes—regulators of adaptive immunity—are dysfunctional or decreased in number.
  • These proteins, generated by plasma cells, normally bind to pathogens, targeting them for destruction.
  • Immunodeficiency with hypopigmentation or albinism; for example, Chediak-Higashi syndrome, Griscelli syndrome type two
  • Many manifest themselves as periodic fever syndromes.

• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the most common persistent fatigue syndrome that affects people.
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is the most common name used to designate a significantly debilitating medical disorder or group of disorders.
  • Generally defined by persistent fatigue accompanied by other specific symptoms for a minimum of six months in adults (and 3 months in children/adolescents), not due to ongoing exertion, not substantially relieved by rest, and not caused by other medical conditions.
  • The disorder may also be referred to as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS), chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome (CFIDS), or several other terms.
  • An Australian prospective study found that after infection by viral and non-viral pathogens, a sub-set of individuals met the criteria for CFS, with the researchers concluding that "post-infective fatigue syndrome is a valid illness model for investigating one pathophysiological pathway to CFS".

• Intellectual Disabilities

  • An intellectual disability is a significant limitation in an individual's cognitive functioning and daily adaptive behaviors.
  • An intellectual disability is a significant limitation in an individual's cognitive functioning and daily adaptive behaviors.
  • Among the common causes of intellectual disabilities are fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome; other contributing factors include certain genetic disorders and exposures to environmental toxins.
  • The average full-scale IQ of young adults with Down syndrome is around 50.
  • Education and proper care have been shown to improve quality of life for individuals with Down Syndrome.

• Acute Radiation Damage

  • Acute radiation syndrome or damage describes health effects present within 24 hours of exposure to high amounts of ionizing radiation.
  • Treatment of acute radiation syndrome is generally supportive with blood transfusions and antibiotics.
  • Similar symptoms may appear months to years after exposure as chronic radiation syndrome when the dose rate is too low to cause the acute form.
  • These diseases are sometimes referred to as radiation sickness, but they are never included in the term acute radiation syndrome.
  • A photograph of an 11-year-old girl, who was 2 kilometers away from the Hiroshima bombing site, recovering from acute radiation syndrome.

• Sjögren's Syndrome

  • Sjögren's syndrome, also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome," is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva.
  • The hallmark symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome are dry eyes and dry mouth.
  • Sjögren's syndrome can exist as a disorder in its own right, as primary Sjögren's syndrome, or may develop years after the onset of another autoimmune rheumatic disorder, as secondary Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Producing less than five millimeters of liquid is usually indicative of Sjögren's syndrome.
  • Instead, treatment is generally symptomatic and supportive.

• Edema Caused by Loss of Plasma Proteins

  • The nephrotic syndrome usually results in the excretion of about 3.0 to 3.5 grams per 24 hours.
  • By contrast, in nephritic syndrome RBCs pass through the pores, causing hematuria.
  • It is characterized by proteinuria (>3.5g/day), hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema (which is generalized and also known as anasarca or dropsy).
  • Nephrotic syndrome is often classified histologically.
  • The prognosis depends on the cause of nephrotic syndrome.