flame cell

(noun)

a specialized excretory cell found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates

Related Terms

  • nephridiopore
  • nephridium
  • nephrostome

Examples of flame cell in the following topics:

  • Flame Cells of Planaria and Nephridia of Worms

    • Flame cells and nephridia remove the waste from bodies through filtration in a manner similar to a kidney.
    • Excretory cells known as flame cells developed in flatworms, while nephridia developed as excretory cells in annelids.
    • The cells in the tubules are called flame cells (or protonephridia) because they have a cluster of cilia that looks like a flickering flame when viewed under the microscope .
    • Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials through filtration.
    • In the excretory system of the (a) planaria, cilia of flame cells propel waste through a tubule formed by a tube cell.
  • Phylum Platyhelminthes

    • The epidermal tissue is a single layer cells or a layer of fused cells (syncytium) that covers a layer of circular muscle above a layer of longitudinal muscle.
    • The mesodermal tissues include mesenchymal cells that contain collagen and support secretory cells that secrete mucus and other materials at the surface.
    • Flatworms have an excretory system with a network of tubules throughout the body with openings to the environment and nearby flame cells, whose cilia beat to direct waste fluids concentrated in the tubules out of the body.
    • There is neither a circulatory nor respiratory system, with gas and nutrient exchange dependent on diffusion and cell-cell junctions.
    • Each may contain an excretory system with flame cells and both female and male reproductive structures.
  • Aseptic Technique, Dilution, Streaking, and Spread Plates

    • Aseptic technique or sterile technique is used to avoid contamination of sterile media and equipment during cell culture.
    • Sterile technique should always be employed when working with live cell cultures and reagents/media that will be used for such cultures.
    • This technique involves using flame to kill contaminating organisms, and a general mode of operation that minimizes exposure of sterile media and equipment to contaminants.
    • This requires that exposure of containers of sterilized culture media to outside air should be minimized, and that flame is used to "re-sterilize" container lids and rims.
    • This means passing rims and lids through the flame produced by a Bunsen burner in order to kill microorganisms coming in contact with those surfaces.
  • Heat

    • Other heat sterilization methods include flaming and incineration.
    • Flaming is commonly used to sterilize small equipment used to manipulate bacteria aseptically.
    • Another problem is that gas flames may leave residues on the object, e.g. carbon, if the object is not heated enough.
    • A variation on flaming is to dip the object in 70% ethanol (or a higher concentration) and merely touch the object briefly to the Bunsen burner flame, but not hold it in the gas flame.
    • It has the advantage that it leaves less residue than a gas flame.
  • The Hydrogen Economy

    • Fuel cells are electrochemical devices capable of transforming chemical energy into electrical energy.
    • Fuel cells require less energy input than other alternatives and perform water electrolysis at lower temperatures, both of which have the potential of reducing the overall cost of hydrogen production.
    • This means that any leak of hydrogen from a hydrogen:air mixture will most likely lead to an explosion if it comes into contact with a spark or flame.
    • Pure hydrogen-oxygen flames burn in the UV range and are invisible, so a flame detector is needed to detect if a hydrogen leak is burning.
  • Properties of Sulfur

    • Sulfur burns with blue flame, is insoluble in water, and forms polyatomic allotropes.
    • Sulfur burns with a blue flame, concomitant with formation of sulfur dioxide, notable for its peculiar suffocating odor.
    • Sulfur burns with blue flames and forms blood-red liquid when it melts.
  • Special Culture Techniques

    • The candle's flame burns until extinguished by oxygen deprivation, which creates a carbon dioxide-rich, oxygen-poor atmosphere in the jar.
    • Some human pathogens are grown directly on cells cultured from humans.
    • The human cell culture known as McCoy cell culture is used to culture this bacteria .
    • Light microscope view of cells infected with chlamydiae as shown by the brown inclusion bodies.
  • Ceramics in the Jomon Period

    • So-called flame vessels, along with the closely related crown-formed vessels , are among the most distinctive forms from this period; representative forms such as clay figurines of people and animals also appeared around this time.
    • "Crown-formed vessel," a variation on the flame vessel style for which Jōmon art is famous.
  • Cellular Differentiation

    • Three basic categories of cells make up the mammalian body: germ cells, somatic cells, and stem cells.
    • Pluripotent stem cells undergo further specialization into multipotent progenitor cells that then give rise to functional cells.
    • Hematopoietic stem cells (adult stem cells) from the bone marrow that give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
    • Mesenchymal stem cells (adult stem cells) from the bone marrow that give rise to stromal cells, fat cells, and types of bone cells;
    • Epithelial stem cells (progenitor cells) that give rise to the various types of skin cells
  • Gene Expression in Stem Cells

    • In mammals, there are two broad types of stem cells: embryonic stem cells, which are isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues.
    • Stem cells can now be artificially grown and differentiated into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with muscle or nerve cells through cell culture.
    • In one, the daughter cells are initially equivalent but a difference is induced by signaling between the cells, from surrounding cells, or from the precursor cell.
    • Stem cells are indicated by (A), progenitor cells by (B), and differentiated cells by (C).
    • Pluripotent, embryonic stem cells originate as inner cell mass (ICM) cells within a blastocyst.
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