extrinsic aging

Examples of extrinsic aging in the following topics:

• Effects of Aging on the Integumentary System

  • The integumentary system undergoes intrinsic and extrinsic cutaneous aging, primarily involving the dermis.
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic aging are terms used to describe cutaneous aging of the skin and other parts of the integumentary system.
  • Of all extrinsic causes, radiation from sunlight has the most widespread documentation of negative effects on the skin.
  • Because of this, extrinsic aging is often referred to as photoaging, defined as skin changes caused by chronic exposure to UV light.
  • Wrinkles form due to intrinsic (loss of collagen) and extrinsic (photodamage) aging.

• Incentive Theory of Motivation and Intrinsic vs. Extrinsic Motivation

  • According to incentive theory, behavior is primarily motivated by the incentive of extrinsic factors.
  • Incentive theory argues that people are primarily extrinsically motivated—meaning that most motivations stem from extrinsic sources.
  • The extrinsic motivator is outside of, and acts on, the individual.
  • Incentive theory is based on the idea that behavior is primarily extrinsically motivated.
  • Furthermore, the expectation of the extrinsic motivator by an individual is crucial: if the person expects to receive an extrinsic reward, then intrinsic motivation for the task tends to be reduced.

• How to Motivate Students

  • Generally, motivation is conceptualized as either intrinsic or extrinsic.
  • Student dependency is a substantial reason to not use extrinsic rewards and motivation in the classroom.
  • If teachers decide to extrinsically reward productive student behaviors, they may find it difficult to later extricate themselves from that path.
  • A child's desire to learn seems to decrease with age.

• Motivation

  • Motivation can originate from oneself (intrinsic) or from other people (extrinsic).
  • Motivation can originate from oneself (intrinsic) or from other people (extrinsic).
  • External, or extrinsic motivation comes from outside of the individual.
  • Common extrinsic motivations are rewards, like money, and the threat of punishment.
  • A cheering crowd and trophies are also extrinsic incentives.

• Defining Motivation

  • Motivation can be intrinsic (arising from internal factors) or extrinsic (arising from external factors).
  • You are now getting extrinsic reinforcement (e.g., getting paid) for your work, and may over time become more extrinsically than intrinsically motivated.
  • Sometimes, intrinsic motivation can diminish when extrinsic motivation is given—a process known as the overjustification effect.
  • This can lead to extinguishing the intrinsic motivation and creating a dependence on extrinsic rewards for continued performance.
  • Define motivation in terms of drives, motives, and intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivators

• Additional Resources

  • How Piaget helped people accept the idea that children's cognitive behavior is intrinsically rather than extrinsically motivated
  • The authors argue that recent research suggests that children of different ages employ either unidimensional and/or multidimensional reasoning therefore identifying the essential components of a child's reasoning at a particular age may not be possible.

• Asthma

  • Asthma may also be classified as atopic (extrinsic) or non-atopic (intrinsic).
  • Strict reduction of dust mite allergens, for example, reduces the risk of allergic sensitization to dust mites, and modestly reduces the risk of developing asthma up until the age of 8 years old.

• Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

  • Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, also known as Motivation-Hygiene Theory or intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation, concludes that there are certain factors in the workplace that can cause job satisfaction and a separate set of factors that can cause dissatisfaction.
  • Managers must realize that not providing the appropriate and expected extrinsic motivators will sow dissatisfaction and unmotivated behavior among employees.
  • According to Herzberg, intrinsic motivators and extrinsic motivators have an inverse relationship.
  • This is to say that intrinsic motivators tend to inspire motivation when they are present, while extrinsic motivators tend to reduce motivation when they are absent.

• Semiconductors

  • The name "extrinsic semiconductor" can be a bit misleading.
  • While insulating materials may be doped to become semiconductors, intrinsic semiconductors can also be doped, resulting in an extrinsic semiconductor.
  • There are two types of extrinsic semiconductors that result from doping: atoms that have an extra electron (n-type for negative, from group V, such as phosphorus) and atoms that have one fewer electron (p-type for positive, from group III, such as boron).
  • Lightly and moderately doped semiconductors are referred to as extrinsic.
  • N-type semiconductors are a type of extrinsic semiconductor in which the dopant atoms are capable of providing extra conduction electrons to the host material (e.g. phosphorus in silicon).

• Employee Ownership

  • As an extrinsic motivator, the simple capital returns of ownership will play a role in empowering employee commitment.
  • Considering the strong sense of intrinsic and extrinsic incentives attainable through employee ownership, it functions as an excellent motivator.
  • This salesman now has a direct stake in the organization's revenues, and is motivated to contribute to the bottom line due to an extrinsic reward (the commission).
  • In a way, every single individual within the coop is an owner of the organization itself, and intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to optimize performance and achieve the best results.
  • Employees who feel both capable of a task, and who have ownership of the outcomes of that task (i.e. rewards, be they intrinsic or extrinsic), will be more likely to perform well.