Economic mobility

Examples of Economic mobility in the following topics:

• Defining and Measuring Economic Mobility

  • Economic mobility is a measurement of how capable a participant in a system can improve (or reduce) their economic status.
  • Economic mobility is a measurement of how capable a participant in a system can improve (or reduce) their economic status (generally measured in monetary income).
  • Economic mobility can be perceived via a number of approaches, but is best summarized in the following four:
  • Closely related to the concept of economic mobility is that of socioeconomic mobility, which refers to the ability to move vertically from one social or economic class to another.
  • Economists studying economic mobility have identified a number of factors that play an integral role in enabling (or blocking) participants in an economic system from achieving mobility.

• Social Mobility in the U.S.

  • Strong social and economic mobility is considered part of American Dream, though there is relatively low social mobility in the U.S.
  • Socioeconomic mobility in the United States refers to the movement of Americans from one social class or economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marrying.
  • The limit to women's and minorities' upward mobility is called the glass ceiling.
  • In the United States, white males have greater social mobility than women and racial/ethnic minorities, whose mobility is limited by the glass ceiling.
  • Explain how the "glass ceiling" and other factors lower social mobility in the United States

• Social Mobility

  • In this way, a person's economic, cultural, human, and social capital can contribute to their chances of being upwardly (or downwardly) mobile.
  • Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility, movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Thus, the degree of mobility in Western capitalist states depends on the extent to which individuals have access to educational and economic opportunity.
  • By contrast, in countries where religious devotion is valued over economic standing, mobility may depend upon individuals' access to religious rituals and shows of piety.

• Types of Social Mobility

  • An example of absolute social mobility is when a region's economic development provides education to a social group that previously did not have access to education, thus raising the group's literacy level and socioeconomic status.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Economic capital includes a person's financial and material resources, such as income and accumulated wealth.
  • Thus, the degree of mobility in Western capitalist states depends on the extent to which individuals have access to educational and economic opportunity.
  • By contrast, in countries where religious devotion is valued over economic standing, mobility may depend upon individuals' access to religious rituals and shows of piety.

• Social Mobility

  • Social mobility typically refers to vertical mobility—movement of individuals or groups up or down from one socio-economic level to another, often by changing jobs or marriage.
  • Social mobility can be enabled to varying extents by economic capital, cultural capital, human capital, and social capital.
  • Economic capital includes a person's financial and material resources, such as income and accumulated wealth.
  • Thus, the degree of mobility in Western capitalist states ideally depends on the extent to which individuals have access to educational and economic opportunity, rather than their position at birth.
  • These examples demonstrate how social mobility is not simply based on economic capital, but also social and cultural capital.

• Open vs. Closed Stratification Systems

  • Though the extent to which individuals have social mobility in the United States is debated, new members of the elite are evidence that there is some mobility between classes.
  • The difference between these types of class systems are their structural mobility.
  • These types of class systems are achievement-based economic system with social mobility and relations between classes.
  • Core industrial nations seem to have more of an ideal open class system than less industrialized countries, in which there are fewer opportunities for economic advancement.
  • An open system describes a society with mobility between different social classes.

• Poverty

  • "Relative poverty" refers to economic disadvantage compared to wealthier members of society, whereas "absolute poverty" refers to a family (or an individual) with an income so low that they cannot afford basic necessities of survival, such as food and shelter.
  • Someone who is living in poverty but has high life chances may be able to improve their economic standing, but someone with low life chances will likely have a consistently low standard of living.
  • The term for a person's ability to change their economic status in a society is known as "social mobility. "
  • If there is a high level of social mobility, it is relatively easy for people to leave poverty.
  • Easy access to higher education and prevalence of well-paying jobs contribute to social mobility.

• Mobile Marketing

  • Mobile marketing is the practice of promoting brands over mobile devices such as smartphones, portable media players and tablets.
  • Brands are able to both send and receive rich content through MMS A2P (application-to-person) mobile networks to mobile subscribers.
  • Game mobile marketing provides additional opportunities for brands looking to deliver promotional messaging within mobile games.
  • Some companies sponsor entire games to drive consumer engagement, a practice known as mobile advergaming or ad-funded mobile gaming.
  • Mobile content advertising schemes provided by the likes of Yahoo!

• Capitalism in a Global Economy

  • Some thinkers argue that in the last few decades trends associated with globalization have increased the mobility of people and capital.
  • The term "world economy" refers to the economic situation of all of the world's countries.
  • It is common to limit discussion of world economy exclusively to human economic activity.
  • Although international trade has always existed, some thinkers argue that a number of trends associated with globalization have caused an increase in the mobility of people and capital since the last quarter of the 20th century.
  • Globalization refers to the increasing global relationships of culture, people, and economic activity.

• Economic Hardship and Labor Upheaval During the Transition to Peace

  • After World War I, the U.S. faced hard economic times and problems over labor, race and reintegration of veterans.
  • An economic recession hit much of the world in the aftermath of World War I.
  • In many countries, especially those in North America, growth was continual during the war as nations mobilized their economies.
  • In the United States, 1918–1919 included a modest economic retreat, but the next year saw a mild recovery.
  • Discuss the causes of the post-war economic recession, and its effects on race relations and organized labor.