diplomatic immunity

Examples of diplomatic immunity in the following topics:

• The Bureaucracy

  • Coordinating and providing support for international activities of other U.S. agencies (local, state, or federal government), official visits overseas and at home, and other diplomatic efforts.
  • Providing automobile registration for non-diplomatic staff vehicles and the vehicles of diplomats of foreign countries having diplomatic immunity in the United States

• Diplomacy

  • International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians .
  • This was not always the case, with the U.S. maintaining official diplomatic ties with the ROC.
  • The Palestinian National Authority has its own diplomatic service.
  • However, Palestinian representatives in most Western countries are not accorded diplomatic immunity.
  • Explain how diplomatic recognition and informal diplomacy are tools of foreign policy

• The Iranian Crisis

  • The Iranian hostage crisis was a diplomatic crisis between Iran and the United States in which 52 Americans were held hostage for 444 days.
  • In the United States, the hostage situation was seen as an outrage that violated international law granting diplomats immunity from arrest and diplomatic compounds' inviolability.

• Diplomatic Consequences of the Congress of Vienna

• Diplomatic Goals at the Paris Peace Conference

• Natural Active Immunity

  • Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and then develops immunity.
  • Immunity is the state of protection against infectious disease conferred either through an immune response generated by immunization or previous infection, or by other non-immunological factors.
  • Naturally acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.
  • Immunization (commonly referred to as vaccination) is the deliberate induction of an immune response, and represents the single most effective manipulation of the immune system that scientists have developed .
  • The principle behind immunization is to introduce an antigen, derived from a disease-causing organism, that stimulates the immune system to develop protective immunity against that organism, but which does not itself cause the pathogenic effects of that organism.

• Passive Immunization

  • Passive immunization can be exogenously administered (artificial) or transferred from mother to fetus (natural).
  • There are two types of passive immunity: artificial and natural .
  • For the newborn to have lasting protection, active immunity must be received.
  • Natural immunity occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, where as artificial immunity develops only through deliberate actions of exposure.
  • Passive immunity is short lived, and usually lasts only a few months, whereas protection via active immunity lasts much longer, and is sometimes life-long.

• Active and Passive Humoral Immunity

  • The humoral immune response is the aspect of immunity mediated by secreted antibodies.
  • The humoral immune response (HIR) is the aspect of immunity mediated by secreted antibodies produced by B cells.
  • Active humoral immunity refers to any form of immunity that occurs as a result of the formation of an adaptive immune response from the body's own immune system.
  • Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity in the form of ready-made antibodies from one individual to another.
  • Maternal passive immunity is a type of naturally-acquired passive immunity, and refers to antibody-mediated immunity conveyed to a fetus by its mother during pregnancy.

• Chief Diplomat

  • Most diplomats work to recruit figures in other nations who might be able to give informal access to a country's leadership.
  • International treaties are usually negotiated by diplomats prior to endorsement by national politicians.
  • Most diplomats work to recruit figures in other nations who might be able to give informal access to a country's leadership.
  • On some occasion a former holder of an official position continues to carry out an informal diplomatic activity after retirement.
  • In other cases, however, such informal diplomats seek to promote a political agenda different from that of the government currently in power.

• Primary and Secondary Antibody Responses

  • The immune system protects organisms from infection first with the innate immune system, then with adaptive immunity.
  • Innate immune systems are found in all plants and animals.
  • Both innate and adaptive immunity depend on the ability of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self molecules.
  • This type of immunity is both active and adaptive because the body's immune system prepares itself for future challenges.
  • Active immunity often involves both the cell-mediated and humoral aspects of immunity as well as input from the innate immune system .