dephosphorylation

(noun)

the removal of phosphate groups from a compound; often catalyzed by enzymes

Related Terms

  • signaling cascade
  • phosphorylation

Examples of dephosphorylation in the following topics:

  • Termination of the Signal Cascade

    • For example, phosphatases are enzymes that remove the phosphate group attached to proteins by kinases in a process called dephosphorylation.
  • Recombinant DNA Technology

    • To improve the ratio of recombinant to non-recombinant organisms, the cleaved vector may be treated with an enzyme (alkaline phosphatase) that dephosphorylates the vector ends.
    • Vector molecules with dephosphorylated ends are unable to replicate, and replication can only be restored if foreign DNA is integrated into the cleavage site.
  • Short-Term Chemical Control

    • Dephosphorylation by myosin light-chain phosphatase and induction of calcium symportersand antiporters that pump calcium ions out of the intracellular compartment both contribute to smooth muscle cell relaxation and therefore vasodilation.
  • Two-Component Regulatory Systems

    • Some HK are bifunctional, catalysing both the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of their cognate RR.
  • Methods of Intracellular Signaling

    • Phosphorylation may activate or inactivate enzymes; the reversal of phosphorylation, dephosphorylation by a phosphatase, will reverse the effect.
  • Sodium Pumps as an Alternative to Proton Pumps

    • This causes the dephosphorylation of the pump, reverting it to its previous conformational state, transporting the K+ ions into the cell.The unphosphorylated form of the pump has a higher affinity for Na+ ions than K+ ions, so the two bound K+ ions are released.
  • ATP in Metabolism

    • The release of one or two phosphate groups from ATP, a process called dephosphorylation, releases energy.
  • Control of Catabolic Pathways

    • Dephosphorylation by a phosphatase reactivates it.
  • Regulator Molecules of the Cell Cycle

    • In the active, dephosphorylated state, Rb binds to proteins called transcription factors, most commonly to E2F .
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