deficiency

(noun)

Inadequacy or incompleteness.

Related Terms

  • discounted cash flows

Examples of deficiency in the following topics:

  • Electronic Effects

    • Electron deficient species, which may or may not be positively charged, are attracted to electron rich species, which may or may not be negatively charged.
    • Electrophiles: Electron deficient atoms, molecules or ions that seek electron rich reaction partners.
    • Nucleophiles: Electron rich atoms, molecules or ions that seek electron deficient reaction partners.
  • Immunodeficiencies

    • Immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or absent entirely.
    • T-cell deficiency is often caused secondary disorders such as acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
    • Granulocyte deficiencies also include decreased function of individual granulocytes, such as in chronic granulomatous disease.
    • Asplenia is a granulocyte deficiency in which the spleen does not function.
    • Complement deficiency is where the function of the complement system is deficient.
  • Essential Nutrients for Plants

    • Boron deficiency will often result in bud dieback.
    • Symptoms of zinc deficiency include chlorosis and stunted growth.
    • Extreme deficiencies may result in leaves showing signs of cell death.
    • Nutrient deficiency is evident in the symptoms these plants show.
    • This (d) palm is affected by potassium deficiency.
  • Role of Vitamin K

    • Vitamin K deficiency  is associated with impaired coagulation function and excessive bleeding and hemorrhage (internal bleeding, often severe).
    • Those with vitamin K deficiency produce alternative proteins that improperly bind with phospholipids, which also contributes to the lack of coagulant function.
    • Calcium deficiencies inhibit proper blood coagulation.
    • This can be caused by a nutritional deficiency or acute problems in which calcium is allocated elsewhere in the blood.
    • Phosopholipid deficiency is also associated with thrombocytopenia (platelet deficiency) because the phospholipids involved with clotting come from platelets.
  • Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

    • Cortisol deficiency in CAH is usually partial and not the most serious problem for an affected person.
    • Unless another specific enzyme is mentioned, "CAH" in nearly all contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
    • CAH due to deficiencies of enzymes other than 21-hydroxylase present many of the same management challenges as 21-hydroxylase deficiency, but some involve mineralocorticoid excess or sex steroid deficiency.
    • providing replacement mineralocorticoid and extra salt if the person is deficient
    • providing replacement testosterone or estrogen at puberty if the person is deficient
  • Pituitary Gland Disorders

    • While their feedback system is therefore located in the hypothalamus, damage to the nerve endings would still lead to a deficiency in hormone release.
    • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency leads to adrenal insufficiency, a lack of production of glucocorticoids such as cortisol by the adrenal gland.
    • ACTH deficiency is highly similar to primary Addison's disease, which is cortisol deficiency as the result of direct damage to the adrenal glands; the latter form, however, often leads to hyperpigmentation of the skin, which does not occur in ACTH deficiency.
    • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency leads to hypothyroidism (lack of production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in the thyroid).
    • There is no adequate direct test for ADH levels, but ADH deficiency can be confirmed indirectly; oxytocin levels are not routinely measured.
  • Postabsorptive State

    • Combined deficiency of insulin and glucagon results in an initial drop in plasma glucose levels, but is followed by an increase in plasma glucose levels.
    • Furthermore, during insulin and partial glucagon deficiency, and the exclusive partial deficiency of glucagon, the rate of glucose appearance increases to a point greater than the rate of glucose disappearance.
    • This rate increase seems to be even larger than during insulin and glucagon deficiency, as well as when glucagon is made exclusively deficient.
    • However, chronic insulin and glucagon deficiencies still remain victims of diabetes.
    • However, chronic insulin and glucagon deficiencies have been proven to cause hyperglycemia and, therefore, strongly suggest that insulin is the predominant factor of postabsorptive glucose levels.
  • Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases

    • To be considered a primary immunodeficiency, the cause of the immune deficiency must not be secondary in nature (caused by another disease, drug treatment, or environmental exposure to toxins).
    • In primary antibody deficiencies, one or more isotypes of immunoglobulin are decreased or don't function properly.
    • Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis; for example, perforin deficiency, MUNC13D deficiency, syntaxin 11 deficiency
    • Complement deficiencies are the result of a lack of any of these proteins.
    • This may range from immunoglobulin replacement therapy in antibody deficiencies—in the form of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) or subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG)—to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for SCID and other severe immunodeficiences.
  • Defining Full Employment

    • Full employment is defined as an acceptable level of unemployment somewhere above 0%; there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment.
    • In macroeconomics, full employment is the level of employment rates where there is no cyclical or deficient-demand unemployment.
  • Reactive Intermediates

    • Electrophile: An electron deficient atom, ion or molecule that has an affinity for an electron pair, and will bond to a base or nucleophile.
    • Carbenes have only a valence shell sextet of electrons and are therefore electron deficient.
    • Carbon radicals have only seven valence electrons, and may be considered electron deficient; however, they do not in general bond to nucleophilic electron pairs, so their chemistry exhibits unique differences from that of conventional electrophiles.
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