cultural lag

(noun)

The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by this lag.

Related Terms

  • soft determinism
  • hard determinism

Examples of cultural lag in the following topics:

  • Cultural Lag

    • Cultural lag can occur when technological innovation outpaces cultural adaptation.
    • The term cultural lag refers to the notion that culture takes time to catch up with technological innovations, and that social problems and conflicts are caused by this lag.
    • This delay is the cultural lag.
    • Cultural lag creates problems for a society in different ways.
    • As example of cultural lag is human embryonic stem cells.
  • Ogburn's Theory

    • Ogburn, in fact, proposed a slightly different variant of soft determinism, in which society must adjust to the consequences of major inventions, but often does so only after a period of cultural lag.
    • Cultural lag, a term coined by Ogburn, refers to a period of maladjustment, which occurs when the non-material culture is struggling to adapt to new material conditions.
    • Diffusion is the spread of an idea from one cultural group to another, or from one field of activity to another.
    • Adjustment is the process by which the non-technical aspects of a culture respond to invention.
    • Any retardation of this adjustment process causes cultural lag.
  • Generation Time

    • The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists.
    • In autecological studies, bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: lag phase, exponential or log phase, stationary phase, and death phase .
    • During lag phase, bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions.
    • This basic batch culture growth model draws out and emphasizes aspects of bacterial growth which may differ from the growth of macrofauna.
    • In reality, even in batch culture, the four phases are not well defined.
  • Growth Rate and Temperature

    • The measurement of an exponential bacterial growth curve in batch culture was traditionally a part of the training of all microbiologists.
    • When Escherichia coli is exposed to a temperature drop from 37 to 10 degrees Celsius, a four to five hour lag phase occurs and then growth is resumed at a reduced rate.
    • During the lag phase, the expression of around 13 proteins, which contain cold shock domains is increased two- to ten-fold.
    • Bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: (A) the lag phase, when the population stays roughly the same; (B) the exponential, or log, phase, when the population grows at an increasing rate; (C) the stationary phase, when population growth stagnates; and (D) the death phase, when bacteria begin to die off and the population decreases in size.
  • Enrichment and Isolation

    • Growth in closed culture systems, such as a batch culture in LB broth, where no additional nutrients are added and waste products are not removed, the bacterial growth will follow a predicted growth curve and can be modeled .
    • During lag phase, bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions.
    • During the lag phase of the bacterial growth cycle, synthesis of RNA, enzymes and other molecules occurs.
    • The bacterial culture is incubated in a closed vessel with a single batch of medium.
    • Bacterial growth in batch culture can be modeled with four different phases: lag phase (A), exponential or log phase (B), stationary phase (C), and death phase (D).
  • Tissue Culture of Animal Viruses

    • In practice, the term "cell culture" now refers to the culturing of cells derived from multi-cellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells.
    • The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture.
    • Cultured cells, eggs, and laboratory animals may be used for virus isolation.
    • After a variable lag, the cells will attach and spread on the bottom of the container and then start dividing, giving rise to a primary culture.
    • Cell cultures vary greatly in their susceptibility to different viruses.
  • Measurements of Microbial Mass

    • Bacterial growth follows three phases: the lag phase, the log phase, and the stationary phase.
    • Cell cultures are turbid: they absorb some of the light and let the rest of it pass through.
    • Using spectrophotometry for measuring the turbidity of cultures is known as turbidometry.
    • Additionally, there are spectrophotometers that require extremely small volumes of culture, as little as 1 microliter .
    • This, combined with the stochastic nature of liquid cultures, enables only an estimation of cell numbers.
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder and Jet Lag

    • Jet lag is a chronobiological-related problem, similar to issues often induced by shift work.
    • To the degree that the body cannot immediately realign these rhythms, it is jet lagged.
    • Crossing one or two time zones does not typically cause jet lag.
    • A five-hour flight from the east to the west coast of the United States may well result in jet lag.
    • Jet lag has been measured with simple analogue scales but a study has shown that these are relatively blunt for assessing all the problems associated with jet lag.
  • Time Lags and Targets

    • Unfortunately, three time lags hinder monetary policy.
    • It takes time when the Fed implements a policy until it shows up on the economy, the impact lag.
    • Time lags can amplify the business cycle.
    • If the administrative lag is one month while the impact lag equals six months, then the Fed's policy takes hold after one year and four months to influence the economy, or 9 + 1 +6.
    • Second, the Fed must have control over the intermediate target to overcome the impact lag.
  • The Westernization of Russia

    • In order to modernize socially and economically lagging Russia, Peter the Great introduced sweeping social, administrative, and economic reforms that Westernized Russia to a certain extent yet did not alter deeply feudal divisions in the increasingly authoritarian state.
    • While only a small percentage lived in towns, Russian agriculture, with its short growing season, was ineffective and lagged behind that of Western Europe.
    • Peter also taxed many Russian cultural customs (such as bathing, fishing, beekeeping, or wearing beards) and issued tax stamps for paper goods.
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