collectivism

Examples of collectivism in the following topics:

• The GLOBE Project

  • Collectivism I (institutional collectivism) is the degree to which organizational and societal institutional practices encourage and reward collective distribution of resources and collective action.
  • Collectivism II (in-group collectivism) is the degree to which individuals express pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations or families.

• The USSR

  • In agriculture, rather than adhering to the "lead by example" policy advocated by Lenin, forced collectivization of farms was implemented all over the country.
  • Collectivization brought social change on a scale not seen since the abolition of serfdom in 1861 and alienation from control of the land and its produce.
  • Collectivization also meant a drastic drop in living standards for many peasants, and it faced violent reaction among the peasantry.
  • From collectivization, famines ensued, causing millions of deaths; surviving kulaks were persecuted and many sent to Gulags to do forced labour.

• Individualism

  • Individualism is often contrasted either with totalitarianism or with collectivism, but in fact there is a spectrum of behaviors at the societal level ranging from highly individualistic societies through mixed societies to collectivist societies.

• Value Contradictions

  • An example of conflict would be a value system based on individualism pitted against a value system based on collectivism.
  • An example conflict would be a value system based on individualism pitted against a value system based on collectivism.

• Cultural Differences in Approaching Criticism

• Social Darwinism in America

  • Terms such as "Darwinian collectivism" or "Reform Darwinism" have been suggested to describe these views, in order to differentiate them from the individualist type of social Darwinism.

• Socialism and Planned Economies

  • Most notably, a command economy is associated with bureaucratic collectivism, state capitalism, or state socialism.

• Types of Organizational Culture

  • Individualism vs. collectivism: This could best be described as the degree to which an organization integrates a group mentality and promotes a strong sense of community (as opposed to independence) within the organization.

• Defining Organizational Culture

  • Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory - Postulates that cultural differences to be aware of include different perspectives on power distance, masculinity (vs. femininity), individualism (vs. collectivism), avoidance of uncertainty, long-term orientation, and indulgence.

• Reform Darwinism

  • Darwinist Collectivism or Reform Darwinism, rather than the individualist form of Darwinism, are more accurate terms for these ideologies.