cognition

Examples of cognition in the following topics:

• Stages of Cognitive Development

  • Review the four major stages of cognitive development: Piaget's Stages (http://epltt.coe.uga.edu/index.php?

• Cognitive Psychology

  • "Cognition" refers to thinking and memory processes, and "cognitive development" refers to long-term changes in these processes.
  • Major areas of research in cognitive psychology include perception, memory, categorization, knowledge representation, numerical cognition, language, and thinking.
  • Cognitive psychology is one of the more recent additions to psychological research.
  • Though there are examples of cognitive approaches from earlier researchers, cognitive psychology really developed as a subfield within psychology in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
  • Piaget is best known for his stage theory of cognitive development.

• Concluding Thoughts: Implications of the Cognitive Apprenticeship Model for Teaching and Learning

  • In what ways might cognitive apprenticeship practices be most useful?
  • Cognitive apprenticeship encourages authentic activity and assessment.
  • Cognitive apprenticeship may facilitate higher order reasoning.
  • Cognitive apprenticeship may require more time on task.
  • What aspects of cognitive apprenticeship are you already using?

• History of Cognition

  • The word "cognition" is the closest scientific synonym for thinking.
  • Human cognition takes place at both conscious and unconscious levels.
  • Some of the most important figures in the study of cognition are:
  • The study of human cognition began over two thousand years ago.
  • These numerous approaches to the analysis of cognition are synthesized in the relatively new field of cognitive science, the interdisciplinary study of mental processes and functions.

• An Instructional Case

• Criticisms of the Social-Cognitive Pespective on Personality

  • Critics of the social-cognitive theory of personality argue that it is not a unified theory and does not explain development over time.
  • The social-cognitive theory of personality emphasizes both learning and cognition as sources of individual differences in personality.
  • One of the main criticisms of the social-cognitive theory is that it is not a unified theory.
  • Because of this, it can be difficult to quantify the effect that social cognition has on development.
  • Critics of social-cognitive theory argue that the theory does not provide a full explanation of how social cognition, behavior, environment, and personality are related (known as "reciprocal determinism").

• References

  • Distributed Cognition, Activity Theory, and Cognitive Tools (Working Paper).
  • Technology as Cognitive Tools [IT Forum Paper 1].
  • Computer-based cognitive tools.
  • Cognitive Tools for Learning.
  • Computers as Cognitive Tools: Volume Ii, No More Walls (Rev. ed.).

• Cognitive Development in Adulthood

  • Cognition changes over a person's lifespan, peaking at around age 35 and slowly declining in later adulthood.
  • Because we spend so many years in adulthood (more than any other stage), cognitive changes are numerous during this period.
  • In fact, research suggests that adult cognitive development is a complex, ever-changing process that may be even more active than cognitive development in infancy and early childhood (Fischer, Yan, & Stewart, 2003).
  • During early adulthood, cognition begins to stabilize, reaching a peak around the age of 35.
  • Review the milestones of cognitive development in early and middle adulthood

• Cognitive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies

  • Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies address the interplay between dysfunctional emotions, maladaptive behaviors, and biased cognitions.
  • Cognitive therapy (CT) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) are closely related; however CBT is an umbrella category of therapies that includes cognitive therapy.
  • At the core of cognitive therapy is the idea of cognitive biases, or irrational beliefs that cause distress in a person's life.
  • During the 1980s and 1990s, cognitive and behavioral techniques were merged into cognitive-behavioral therapy.
  • Discuss the goals, techniques, and efficacy of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies

• Implementing Cognitive Tools

  • To construct a learning activity in which cognitive tools are utilized, the following guidelines should be considered:
  • Select cognitive tool/s – Cognitive tools should facilitate the attainment of the learning goals and objectives.
  • Teachers should consider the following when planning the use of a cognitive tool for learning.
  • The tools should help manage the cognitive work, not increase it.
  • A variety of tools can be necessary to support diversified learners and various cognitive processes.