bubonic plague

Examples of bubonic plague in the following topics:

• History of Bacterial Diseases

  • From 541 to 750 C.E.., an outbreak of what was likely a bubonic plague (the Plague of Justinian), eliminated one-quarter to one-half of the human population in the eastern Mediterranean region.
  • The bubonic plague would strike Europe more than once.
  • Bubonic plague struck London hard again in the mid-1600s .
  • Although contracting bubonic plague before antibiotics meant almost certain death, the bacterium responds to several types of modern antibiotics; mortality rates from plague are now very low.
  • Such was the case with bubonic plague.

• Plague

  • Human Y. pestis infection is manifested in three main forms: pneumonic, septicemic, and the notorious bubonic plagues.
  • Although bubonic plague is often used synonymously with plague, it refers specifically to an infection that enters through the skin and travels through the lymph nodes (buboes).
  • The incubation period of bubonic plague is from 2-6 days, while the bacteria actively replicate.
  • Pneumonic plague manifests as a severe lung infection, and is more virulent and rare than bubonic plague.
  • Scanning electron micrograph depicting a mass of Yersinia pestis bacteria (the cause of bubonic plague) in the foregut of the flea vector.

• The Black Death

  • The Black Death was an infamous pandemic of bubonic plague and one of the most devastating pandemics in human history.
  • In the Late Middle Ages (1340–1400) Europe experienced the most deadly disease outbreak in history when the Black Death, the infamous pandemic of bubonic plague, hit in 1347.
  • The most infamous symptom of bubonic plague is an infection of the lymph glands, which become swollen and painful and are known as buboes.
  • Buboes associated with the bubonic plague are commonly found in the armpits, groin, and neck region.
  • Plague brought an eventual end of serfdom in Western Europe.

• Arthropods as Vectors

  • The human flea, Pulex irritans, and the Oriental rat flea , Xenopsylla cheopis, are responsible for the transmission of the bubonic plague, murine typhus, and tapeworms.
  • The oriental rat flea is an example of an arthropod vector as it is the primary vector of plague.
  • This vector has been the cause of large plague epidemics in Asia, Africa, and South America.

• Disease Reservoirs and Epidemics

  • Bubonic plague: marmots, black rats, prairie dogs, chipmunks, and squirrels for bubonic plague
  • The migrations of certain animals, such as rats, are in some cases responsible for the spread of plague, from which these animals die in great numbers.

• Tularemia

  • Tularemia (also known as Pahvant Valley plague, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, and Ohara's fever) is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis.
  • Inflammation spreads to the lymph nodes, which enlarge and may suppurate (mimicking bubonic plague), accompanied by a high fever.

• Overcoming Density-Dependent Regulation

  • In the fourteenth century, the bubonic plague killed as many as 100 million people: between 30 to 60 percent of Europe's population.
  • Today, however, the plague and other infectious diseases have much less of an impact.

• Koch and Pure Culture

  • By using his methods, Koch's pupils found the organisms responsible for diphtheria, typhoid, pneumonia, gonorrhoea, cerebrospinal meningitis, leprosy, bubonic plague, tetanus, and syphilis.

• Pisa, Venice, and Milan

  • Additionally, the power of the church continued to grow in this period, particularly during the wave of Bubonic Plague that killed as much as a quarter of the population in some cities.

• Living in Europe

  • Additionally, the Black Death caused by the Bubonic Plague killed nearly half the population of Europe through successive waves.