Blue Period

Examples of Blue Period in the following topics:

• Picasso

  • Picasso's work is often categorized into periods.
  • While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919).
  • Picasso's Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors.
  • The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 is considered a transitional year between the two periods.
  • Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that followed.

• Expressive and Symbolic Uses of Color

  • Picasso's Blue Period is a term used to define to works produced by Picasso between 1901 and 1904, when he painted essentially monochromatic paintings in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors.
  • In the latter part of 1901, Picasso sank into a severe depression and blue tones began to dominate his paintings.
  • The painting considered the first of his Blue Period, "Casagemas in His Coffin", was completed later in 1901 when Picasso was sinking into a major depression, which lasted several years.
  • He moved towards subject matter such as the poor and the outcast of society, and emphasized a cool, anguished mood using blue hues as an expressive and symbolic tool in his works .

• Joseon Ceramics

  • Generally, the ceramics of this dynasty is divided into the early period (roughly 1300-1500), middle period (1500-1700), and late period (1700-1910).
  • In the early period, wares were evolved alongside Chinese lines in terms of color, shape, and technique.
  • The influence of the Chinese Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) in blue and white wares using cobalt-blue glazes could be seen in Joseon pottery, but Joseon work tended to lack the pthalo blue range and the three-dimensional glassine color depth of Ming Dynasty Chinese works.
  • Ceramics from the Joseon period differed from other periods because artists felt that each piece of art deserved its own uniquely cultivated personality.
  • This blue and white porcelain jar with pine and bamboo designs was made in 1489 during the early Joseon Dynasty.

• Ionic Radius

  • Similarly charged ions tend to decrease in size across a period (row) and increase in size down a group (column).
  • In chemistry, periodic trends are the tendencies of certain elemental characteristics to increase or decrease along a period (row) or group (column) of the periodic table of elements.
  • Nevertheless, ionic radius values are sufficiently transferable to allow periodic trends to be recognized.
  • The neutral atoms are colored gray, cations red, and anions blue.
  • Identify the general trends of the ionic radius size for the periodic table.

• Blue Water Imperialism

  • The dominant 17th- and 18th-century British ideology of blue water imperialism was founded on the values of commerce and freedom—for some.
  • Theoretically, British imperialists envisioned a "blue water empire," in that the British empire stretching across the Atlantic was "Protestant, commercial, maritime, and free."
  • Broadly, blue water imperialists aimed to use the power of the metropole to enforce the proper conditions that would allow for commercial and maritime expansion.
  • Blue water empire ideology also hinged on the expansion of international commerce and national wealth.
  • Since trade was to be international and mutually beneficial to all Atlantic nations and colonies, blue water empire was thus a maritime project.

• The Blues Scale

  • Blues scales are closely related to pentatonic scales.
  • (Some versions are pentatonic. ) Rearrange the pentatonic scale in Figure 4.68 above so that it begins on the C, and add an F sharp in between the F and G, and you have a commonly used version of the blues scale.
  • Listen to this blues scale: http://cnx.org/content/m11636/latest/BlueScale.mid.

• The Blues Progression

• Atomic Radius

  • In chemistry, periodic trends are the tendencies of certain elemental characteristics to increase or decrease as one progresses along a row or column of the periodic table of elements.
  • The atomic radius is one such characteristic that trends across a period and down a group of the periodic table.
  • Atomic radii vary in a predictable and explicable manner across the periodic table.
  • The radius increases sharply between the noble gas at the end of each period and the alkali metal at the beginning of the next period.
  • Red numbers are ionic radii of cations, black numbers are for neutral species, and blue numbers are for anions.

• Ceramics under the Song Dynasty

  • After the end of the Southern Song period, Longquan celadon experienced an expansion of production with a lessening of quality.
  • Black and red lacquerwares of the Song period featured beautifully carved artwork of miniature nature scenes, landscapes, or simple decorative motifs.
  • Left item: A Northern Song qingbai-ware vase with a transparent blue-toned ceramic glaze, from Jingdezhen, 11th century.
  • Center item: A Northern or Southern Song qingbai-ware bowl with incised lotus decorations, a metal rim, and a transparent blue-toned glaze, from Jingdezhen, 12th or 13th century; Right item: A Southern Song miniature model of a granary with removable top lid and doorway, qingbai porcelain with transparent blue-toned glaze, Jingdezhen, 13th century.
  • The making of glazed and translucent porcelain and celadon wares with complex use of enamels was developed further during the Song period.

• Painting in the Early Byzantine Empire

  • The Early Byzantine period witnessed the establishment of strict guidelines in the production of icons.
  • Red signifies divine life, while blue is the color of human life.
  • In icons of Jesus and Mary, Jesus wears a red undergarment with a blue outer garment (God as Human), and Mary wears a blue undergarment with a red outer garment (humanity granted divine gifts).
  • However, there are no surviving examples produced before the sixth century, primarily due to the period of Iconoclasm that ended the Early Byzantine period.
  • Christ, seated in the middle, wears a blue garment over a red one to symbolize his status as God made human.