basal angiosperm

Examples of basal angiosperm in the following topics:

• Diversity of Angiosperms

  • Angiosperms are classified in a single phylum: the Anthophyta.
  • Modern angiosperms appear to be a monophyletic group, which means that they originated from a single ancestor.
  • Basal angiosperms are a group of plants that are believed to have branched off before the separation into monocots and eudicots because they exhibit traits from both groups.
  • The Magnoliidae (magnolia trees, laurels, and water lilies) and the Piperaceae (peppers) belong to the basal angiosperm group .
  • Examples of basal angiosperms include the Magnoliidae, Laurales, Nymphaeales, and the Piperales.

• Evolution of Angiosperms

  • Earlier traces of angiosperms are scarce.
  • A few early Cretaceous rocks show clear imprints of leaves resembling angiosperm leaves.
  • Paleobotanists debate whether angiosperms evolved from small woody bushes, or were basal angiosperms related to tropical grasses.
  • A few other angiosperm groups, known as basal angiosperms, are viewed as primitive because they branched off early from the phylogenetic tree.
  • Basal angiosperms, such as water lilies, are considered more primitive because they share morphological traits with both monocots and eudicots.

• Double Fertilization in Plants

  • Angiosperms undergo two fertilization events where a zygote and endosperm are both formed.
  • Together, these two fertilization events in angiosperms are known as double fertilization .
  • The zygote divides to form two cells: the upper cell (terminal cell) and the lower cell (basal cell).
  • After fertilization, the zygote divides to form an upper terminal cell and a lower basal cell.
  • The basal cell also divides, giving rise to the suspensor.

• Evolution of Angiosperms

• Diversity of Angiosperms

• Basal Ganglia

  • One of the most intensively studied functions of the basal ganglia (BG) is its role in controlling precise eye movements.
  • The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei, ) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit.
  • Two schematic drawings of coronal sections of human brain labelling the basal ganglia.
  • The basal nuclei are often referred to as the basal ganglia.
  • The main components of the basal nuclei are labeled in purple.

• The Life Cycle of an Angiosperm

  • The adult, or sporophyte, phase is the main phase of an angiosperm's life cycle .
  • As with gymnosperms, angiosperms are heterosporous.
  • The life cycle of an angiosperm is shown.
  • Double fertilization is a process unique to angiosperms.
  • After fertilization and some growth in the angiosperm, the ripened ovule is produced.

• Disorders of the Basal Ganglia

  • Basal ganglia disease refers to physical dysfunctions that occur when basal ganglia fail to suppress unwanted movements.
  • An example of a hypokinetic basal ganglia disease is Parkinsonism.
  • An example of a hyperkinetic basal ganglia disease is Huntington's Disease.
  • The basal ganglia is a collective group of structures in the brain .
  • This is a diagram of the main circuits of the basal ganglia.

• The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Movement

  • The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit.
  • Currently popular theories hold that the basal ganglia play a primary role in action selection.
  • One of the most intensively studied functions of the basal ganglia is their role in controlling eye movements.
  • This diagram shows the main circuits of the basal ganglia.
  • Two coronal slices have been superimposed to include the involved basal ganglia structures.

• Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms

  • As with angiosperms, the life cycle of gymnosperms is also characterized by alternation of generations.
  • Gymnosperm reproduction differs from that of angiosperms in several ways.
  • Double fertilization is a key event in the life cycle of angiosperms, but is completely absent in gymnosperms.
  • The male and female gametophyte structures are present on separate male and female cones in gymnosperms, whereas in angiosperms, they are a part of the flower.
  • Although many angiosperms are also wind-pollinated, animal pollination is more common.