aphasia

Physiology

(noun)

A combination speech and language disorder often caused by a stroke.

Related Terms

  • olfactory bulb
  • Broca's area
  • Wernicke's area
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • cerebral cortex
Psychology

(noun)

A loss of the ability to produce or understand language.

Examples of aphasia in the following topics:

  • Aphasia

    • Examples of well-known aphasia subtypes are Broca's aphasia, also called expressive aphasia, and Wernicke's aphasia, also called receptive aphasia.
    • Acute aphasia disorders usually develop quickly as a result of head injury or stroke, and progressive forms of aphasia develop slowly in cases of brain tumors, infection, or dementia.
    • Individuals with expressive aphasia (also called Broca's aphasia) have lesions to the medial insular cortex.
    • In contrast to expressive aphasia, damage to the temporal lobe may result in a fluent aphasia that is called receptive aphasia (also known as sensory aphasia and Wernicke's aphasia).
    • Anomic aphasia, also known as anomia, is a difficulty with naming.
  • Human Language and the Brain

    • When these areas are damaged or injured, capabilities for speaking or understanding can be lost, a disorder known as aphasia.
    • Damage to Broca's area can result in productive aphasia (also known as Broca's aphasia), or an inability to speak.
    • Damage to this area results in receptive aphasia (also called Wernicke's aphasia).
    • This type of aphasia manifests itself as a loss of comprehension, so sometimes while the patient can apparently still speak, their language is nonsensical and incomprehensible.
  • Overview of the Cerebrum

    • Damage to the Broca's area results in expressive aphasia (non-fluent aphasia) while damage to Wernicke's area results in receptive aphasia.
  • Cerebral Hemispheres and Lobes of the Brain

    • These disorders are known as Wernicke's and Broca's aphasia respectively; an aphasia is an inability to speak.
  • Aging and the Nervous System

    • As the disorder progresses, cognitive (intellectual) impairment extends to the domains of language (aphasia), skilled movements (apraxia), recognition (agnosia), and those functions (such as decision-making and planning) closely related to the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain as they become disconnected from the limbic system, reflecting extension of the underlying pathological process.
  • Freud

    • Interested in philosophy as a student, Freud later decided to become a neurological researcher in cerebral palsy, Aphasia, and microscopic neuroanatomy.
  • Transient Ischemic Attacks

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