ionic crystal

(noun)

A class of crystal consisting of a lattice of ions held together by electrostatic interactions; they exhibit strong absorption of infrared radiation and have planes along which they cleave easily.

Related Terms

  • lattice energy
  • crystal lattice

Examples of ionic crystal in the following topics:

  • Ionic Crystals

    • An ionic crystal consists of ions bound together by electrostatic attraction.
    • The arrangement of ions in a regular, geometric structure is called a crystal lattice.
    • Examples of such crystals are the alkali halides, which include:
    • Since ionic salts have a lower energetic configuration than their individual elements, reactions forming ionic solids tend to release energy.
    • Halite forms cubic crystals.
  • Ionic Radius

    • Ionic radius (rion) is the radius of an ion, regardless of whether it is an anion or a cation.
    • In this way, the sum of ionic radii of a cation and an anion can give us the distance between the ions in a crystal lattice.
    • Ionic radii are typically given in units of either picometers (pm) or Angstroms (Å), with 1 Å = 100 pm.
    • Nevertheless, ionic radius values are sufficiently transferable to allow periodic trends to be recognized.
    • Identify the general trends of the ionic radius size for the periodic table.
  • Formulas of Ionic Compounds

    • Ionic formulas must satisfy the noble gas configurations for the constituent ions and the product compound must be electrically neutral.
    • On a macroscopic scale, ionic compounds, such as sodium chloride (NaCl), form a crystalline lattice and are solids at normal temperatures and pressures.
    • The ionic composition is then defined by the requirement that the resulting compound be electrically neutral overall.
    • A lesson on writing formulas for binary ionic compounds as well as ionic compounds containing polyatomic ions.
    • Apply knowledge of ionic bonding to predict the formula of ionic compounds
  • Percent Ionic Character and Bond Angle

    • To answer this question, consider the data on the ionic solid LiF.
    • The ionic bonding model is useful for many purposes, however.
    • There is nothing wrong with using the term "ionic bond" to describe the interactions between the atoms in the very small class of "ionic solids" such as LiF and NaCl.
    • This means that atoms will sit in positions that minimize the amount of space they occupy (like a salt crystal).
    • Does this make an ionic bond, a covalent bond, or something in between?
  • Coloring Agents

    • The electronic structure can be described by a relatively ionic model that ascribes formal charges to the metals and ligands.
    • This approach is the essence of crystal field theory (CFT), which is a core concept in inorganic chemistry.
    • More sophisticated models (relative to crystal field theory) embrace covalency.
    • The chemical applications of group theory can aid in the understanding of crystal or ligand field theory, by allowing simple, symmetry-based solutions to the formal equations.
  • Lattice Energy

    • Lattice energy is a measure of the bond strength in an ionic compound.
    • Lattice energy is an estimate of the bond strength in ionic compounds.
    • The energy value can be estimated using the Born-Haber cycle, or it can be calculated theoretically with an electrostatic examination of the crystal structure.
    • Ionic compounds with smaller lattice energies tend to be more soluble in H2O.
    • Sodium ions (Na+) and chloride(Cl-) ions, depicted in purple and green respectively, alternate in the crystal lattice of solid NaCl.
  • Metallic Crystals

    • Metallic crystals are held together by metallic bonds, electrostatic interactions between cations and delocalized electrons.
    • The high density of most metals is due to the tightly packed crystal lattice of the metallic structure.
    • In the case of ionic compounds in water solutions, the ions themselves serve this function.
    • The same thing holds true of ionic compounds when melted.
    • Ionic solids contain the same charge carriers, but because they are fixed in place, these solids are insulators.
  • Binary Hydrides

    • Hydrides can be components of discrete molecules, oligomers, polymers, ionic solids, chemisorbed monolayers, bulk metals (interstitial), and other materials.
    • Hydrides can be characterized as ionic, covalent, or interstitial hydrides based on their bonding types.
    • Most ionic hydrides exist as "binary" materials that involve only two elements, one of which is hydrogen.
    • Ionic hydrides are often used as heterogeneous bases and reducing reagents in organic synthesis.
    • This is a space-filling model of a crystal of lithium hydride, LiH, a binary halide.
  • Molecular Crystals

    • Whereas the characteristic melting point of metals and ionic solids is ~1000 °C, most molecular solids melt well below ~300 °C.
    • For example, solid phosphorus can crystallize in different allotropes called "white", "red" and "black" phosphorus.
    • White phosphorus forms molecular crystals composed of tetrahedral P4 molecules.
    • Although white phosphorus is an insulator, the black allotrope, which consists of layers extending over the whole crystal, does conduct electricity.
    • However, they can convert into covalent allotropes having atomic chains extending all through the crystal.
  • Covalent Crystals

    • This means that the entire crystal is, in effect, one giant molecule.
    • Similarly, a covalent solid cannot "melt" in the usual sense, since the entire crystal is one giant molecule.
    • When molten, unlike ionic compounds, the substance is still unable to conduct electricity, since the macromolecule consists of uncharged atoms rather than ions.
    • Cubic boron nitride adopts a crystal structure, which can be constructed by replacing every two carbon atoms in diamond with one boron atom and one nitrogen atom.
Subjects
  • Accounting
  • Algebra
  • Art History
  • Biology
  • Business
  • Calculus
  • Chemistry
  • Communications
  • Economics
  • Finance
  • Management
  • Marketing
  • Microbiology
  • Physics
  • Physiology
  • Political Science
  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Statistics
  • U.S. History
  • World History
  • Writing

Except where noted, content and user contributions on this site are licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 with attribution required.