The business cycle is the medium-term fluctuation of the economy between periods of expansion and contraction.
Economic indicators are key statistics about diverse sectors of the economy that are used to evaluate the health and future of the economy.
GDP is defined as the value of all the final goods and services produced in a country during a given time period.
Employment level, as defined by cyclical, structural and frictional unemployment, is one of the most important economic indicators.
Productivity is a measure of production efficiency, and its level has major impacts on overall economic performance.
Governments can use fiscal policy as a means of influencing economic variables in pursuit of policy objectives.
Monetary policy seeks to further economic policy goals through influencing interest rates.