life cycle

Examples of life cycle in the following topics:

• The bottom line

  • Future-proofing products involves working to insulate products and services from risk and uncertainty by eliminating waste in all phases of a product's life-cycle to: (1) avoid rises in raw material costs, (2) reduce the chances of bad publicity, and (3) prepare for coming changes in environmental legislation.

• Using a Product Life Cycle Framework

  • Product life-cycle predictions are dependent upon controllable and uncontrollable factors.
  • The five stages of the product life cycle and their components can be defined as follows:

• Phases of relationship development

  • Strategic partnerships experience four major developmental phases and Exhibit 36 represents the life cycle of such a relationship.
  • While relationships will follow this development life cycle, a manager's skills will substantially impact how the relationship develops and the success of the agreements for the organization.

• New Product

  • Penetration pricing in the introductory stage of a new product's life cycle involves accepting a lower profit margin and pricing relatively low.

• Introduction to Mapping Waste-Elimination

  • Use and disposal methods (a description of how the product is thrown away as well as the current and future costs involved). ( ESSP CLP, ‘Product Stewardship through Life-cycle Analysis', Introduction to SustainableDevelopment for Engineering and Built Environment)

• Analyzing every stage of production

  • (ESSP CLP, ‘Product Stewardship through Life-cycle Analysis', Introduction to Sustainable Development for Engineering and Built Environment)

• Putting together a clean production line

  • Is the full life-cycle cost of the machine being considered rather than its purchase price?

• Innovation

  • This process has been proposed that the life cycle of innovations can be described using the "S-curve' or diffusion curve.
  • Toward the end of its life cycle growth slows and may even begin to decline.
  • The S-curve derives from an assumption that new products are likely to have "product life" (i.e. a start-up phase, a rapid increase in revenue and eventual decline).

• Growth models

  • In the field of entrepreneurship research, life cycle models are often used to describe the entrepreneurial process.
  • Although life phase models like these can help the decision-making process in research and practice, they also have their pitfalls.
  • In a review of such models, Sexton and Bowman/Upton (1991) warned that economic phenomena cannot always be compared to biological phenomena (life cycles).

• The Business Cycle

  • Just before 2008, the business cycle peaked, and the economy began to contract.
  • The term business cycle (or economic cycle) refers to economy-wide fluctuations in production or economic activity over several months or years.
  • Business cycles are composed of two phases and two turning points.
  • However, some economists use the phrase "business cycle" as a convenient shorthand.
  • Summarize the phases and turning points inherent in the business cycle