Eukaryotic Gene Regulation

When transcription factors bind to the promoter region, RNA polymerase is placed in an orientation that allows transcription to begin.

Enhancers increase the rate of transcription of genes, while repressors decrease the rate of transcription.

Both the packaging of DNA around histone proteins, as well as chemical modifications to the DNA or proteins, can alter gene expression.

RNA splicing allows for the production of multiple protein isoforms from a single gene by removing introns and combining different exons.

The first step of translation is ribosome assembly, which requires initiation factors.

A cell can rapidly change the levels of proteins in response to the environment by adding specific chemical groups to alter gene regulation.