Examples of pollination in the following topics:
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- Plants can transfer pollen through self-pollination; however, the preferred method is cross-pollination, which maintains genetic diversity.
- Pollination takes two forms: self-pollination and cross-pollination.
- Because cross-pollination allows for more genetic diversity, plants have developed many ways to avoid self-pollination.
- All of these are barriers to self-pollination; therefore, the plants depend on pollinators to transfer pollen.
- Determine the differences between self-pollination and cross-pollination, and describe how plants have developed ways to avoid self-pollination
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- Wasps are also important insect pollinators, pollinating many species of figs.
- Moths, on the other hand, pollinate flowers during the late afternoon and night.
- One well-studied example of a moth-pollinated plant is the yucca plant, which is pollinated by the yucca moth.
- The shape of the flower and moth have adapted in a way to allow successful pollination.
- Insects, such as bees, are important agents of pollination.
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- Non-insect methods of pollination include pollination by bats, birds, wind, and water.
- These methods include pollination by bats, birds, wind, and water.
- Unlike the typical insect-pollinated flowers, flowers adapted to pollination by wind do not produce nectar or scent.
- Flowers often attract pollinators with food rewards, in the form of nectar.
- Certain orchids use food deception or sexual deception to attract pollinators.
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- This is believed to have been as much a driving force as pollination.
- Grasses are a successful group of flowering plants that are wind pollinated.
- Large trees such as oaks, maples, and birches are also wind pollinated.
- Consequently, plants have developed many adaptations to attract pollinators.
- Many bird or insect-pollinated flowers secrete nectar, a sugary liquid.
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- Plant sexual reproduction usually depends on pollinating agents, while asexual reproduction is independent of these agents.
- With their bright colors, fragrances, and interesting shapes and sizes, flowers attract insects, birds, and animals to serve their pollination needs.
- Other plants pollinate via wind or water; still others self-pollinate.
- Plants that reproduce sexually often achieve fertilization with the help of pollinators such as (a) bees, (b) birds, and (c) butterflies.
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- For this reason, garden pea plants can either self-pollinate or cross-pollinate with other pea plants.
- What's more, the flower petals remain sealed tightly until after pollination, preventing pollination from other plants.
- A gardener or researcher, such as Mendel, can cross-pollinate these same plants by manually applying sperm from one plant to the pistil (containing the ova) of another plant.
- When Mendel cross-pollinated a true-breeding plant that only produced yellow peas with a true-breeding plant that only produced green peas, he found that the first generation of offspring is always all yellow peas.
- However, if this first generation of yellow pea plants were allowed to self-pollinate, the following or second generation had a ratio of 3:1 yellow to green peas.
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- Most flowers have a mutualistic pollinator, with the distinctive features of flowers reflecting the nature of the pollination agent .
- The relationship between pollinator and flower characteristics is one of the great examples of coevolution.
- A large number of pollinating insects also appeared during this same time.
- Many flowers have coevolved with particular pollinators, such that the flower is uniquely structured for the mouthparts of the pollinator.
- It often has features considered attractive to its particular pollinator.
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- Flowers are modified leaves containing the reproductive organs of angiospems; their pollination is usually accomplished by animals or wind.
- Petals, collectively the corolla, are located inside the whorl of sepals and often display vivid colors to attract pollinators.
- Flowers pollinated by wind are usually small, feathery, and visually inconspicuous.
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- Pollination is defined as the initiation of pollen tube growth.
- Fertilization and seed development is a long process in pine trees: it may take up to two years after pollination.
- This phase may take more than one year between pollination and fertilization while the pollen tube grows towards the megasporocyte (2n), which undergoes meiosis into megaspores.
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- In addition, insect-pollinated species were more likely to flower earlier than wind-pollinated species.
- The impact of changes in flowering date would be mitigated if the insect pollinators emerged earlier.
- This mismatched timing of plants and pollinators could result in injurious ecosystem effects because, for continued survival, insect-pollinated plants must flower when their pollinators are present.