neural tube

Examples of neural tube in the following topics:

• Establishing Body Axes during Development

  • The neural folds pinch in towards the midline of the embryo and fuse together to form the neural tube .
  • In the head, neural crest cells migrate, the neural tube closes, and the overlying ectoderm closes.
  • In the trunk, overlying ectoderm closes, the neural tube closes and neural crest cells migrate.
  • For a short time, the neural tube is open both cranially and caudally.
  • (Neural tube is in green. )

• Organogenesis

  • The remaining cells in the center form the neural plate.
  • The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called the neural tube.
  • In further development, the neural tube will give rise to the brain and the spinal cord .
  • The mesoderm that lies on either side of the vertebrate neural tube will develop into the various connective tissues of the animal body .
  • The central region of the ectoderm forms the neural tube, which gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord.

• Gene Expression for Spatial Positioning

  • The remaining cells in the center form the neural plate.
  • The neural plate undergoes a series of cell movements where it rolls up and forms a tube called the neural tube .
  • In further development, the neural tube will give rise to the brain and the spinal cord.
  • The mesoderm that lies on either side of the vertebrate neural tube will develop into the various connective tissues of the animal body.
  • The central region of the ectoderm forms the neural tube, which gives rise to the brain and the spinal cord.

• Characteristics of Chordata

  • It is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, providing skeletal support through the length of the body.
  • In vertebrates, the notochord is present during embryonic development, at which time it induces the development of the neural tube which serves as a support for the developing embryonic body.
  • The dorsal hollow nerve cord derives from ectoderm that rolls into a hollow tube during development.

• Vertebrate Axis Formation

  • In vertebrates, sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Wnt morphogenetic signaling gradients establish the dorsoventral axis of the central nervous system during neural tube axial patterning.

• Neural Responses to Food

  • All three phases of digestive responses to food (the cephalic, gastric, and intestinal stages) are managed through enzymatic neural control.
  • Each requires many enzymes and is under neural control as well.
  • The first phase of ingestion, called the cephalic phase, is controlled by the neural response to the stimulus provided by food.
  • All aspects, such as sight, sense, and smell, trigger the neural responses resulting in salivation and secretion of gastric juices.
  • This phase consists of local, hormonal, and neural responses.

• Phylum Nemertea

  • Animals in phylum Nemertea also show a flattened morphology: they are flat from front to back, like a flattened tube.
  • It is speculated that the eyespots originate from neural tissue and not from the epidermis.

• Humoral, Hormonal, and Neural Stimuli

  • In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as neural stimuli.

• Double Fertilization in Plants

  • The microspores, or the pollen, contain two cells: the pollen tube cell and the generative cell.
  • The pollen tube cell grows into a pollen tube through which the generative cell travels.
  • The germination of the pollen tube requires water, oxygen, and certain chemical signals.
  • As it travels through the style to reach the embryo sac, the pollen tube's growth is supported by the tissues of the style.
  • The pollen tube is guided by the chemicals secreted by the synergids present in the embryo sac; it enters the ovule sac through the micropyle.

• Transportation of Photosynthates in the Phloem

  • Photosynthates move through plasmodesmata to reach phloem sieve-tube elements (STEs) in the vascular bundles.
  • Phloem is comprised of cells called sieve-tube elements.
  • Phloem sap travels through perforations called sieve tube plates.
  • Lateral sieve areas connect the sieve-tube elements to the companion cells.
  • Sucrose is actively transported from source cells into companion cells and then into the sieve-tube elements.