enhancer

Examples of enhancer in the following topics:

• Transcriptional Enhancers and Repressors

  • In some eukaryotic genes, there are regions that help increase or enhance transcription.
  • These regions, called enhancers, are not necessarily close to the genes they enhance.
  • When a DNA-bending protein binds to an enhancer, the shape of the DNA changes.
  • An enhancer is a DNA sequence that promotes transcription.
  • Each enhancer is made up of short DNA sequences called distal control elements.

• External and Internal Fertilization

  • The trigger for egg and sperm release (spawning) causes the egg and sperm to be placed in a small area, enhancing the possibility of fertilization.
  • Internal fertilization also enhances the fertilization of eggs by a specific male.

• Parathyroid Glands

  • First, PTH enhances reabsorption of calcium by the kidneys; it then stimulates osteoclast activity and inhibits osteoblast activity.
  • Finally, PTH stimulates synthesis and secretion of calcitriol by the kidneys, which enhances Ca2+ absorption by the digestive system.

• Antibody Functions

  • Antibodies coat extracellular pathogens and neutralize them by blocking key sites on the pathogen that enhance their infectivity, such as receptors that "dock" pathogens on host cells .
  • Phagocytic enhancement by antibodies is called opsonization.
  • The combination of antibodies and complement enhances opsonization even further, promoting rapid clearing of pathogens.

• Physical Properties of Soil

  • Humus enriches the soil with nutrients, enhancing soil moisture retention.

• Characteristics of the Animal Body

  • In addition, animal body plans have evolved in response to environmental pressures, as observed in fossil records, in order to enhance survival and reproductive success.

• Cancer and Transcriptional Control

  • Alternatively, a mutation in the DNA of a promoter or enhancer region can increase the binding ability of a transcription factor.

• The Complement System

  • They serve as a marker to indicate the presence of a pathogen to phagocytic cells, such as macrophages and B cells, to enhance engulfment.

• Signaling in Yeast

  • In this micrograph, they are visualized using differential interference contrast microscopy, a light microscopy technique that enhances the contrast of the sample.

• Biotechnology in Medicine

  • From manipulation of mutant genes to enhanced resistance to disease, biotechnology has allowed advances in medicine.