carbon monoxide

(noun)

a colorless, odourless, flammable, highly toxic gas

Related Terms

  • carbaminohemoglobin
  • carbonic anhydrase

Examples of carbon monoxide in the following topics:

  • Transport of Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

    • While carbon dioxide can readily associate and dissociate from hemoglobin, other molecules, such as carbon monoxide (CO), cannot.
    • Carbon monoxide has a greater affinity for hemoglobin than does oxygen.
    • Therefore, when carbon monoxide is present, it binds to hemoglobin preferentially over oxygen.
    • Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas which is difficult to detect.
    • Administering 100 percent (pure) oxygen is the usual treatment for carbon monoxide poisoning as it speeds up the separation of carbon monoxide from hemoglobin.
  • Causes of Global Climate Change

    • The gases and solids released by volcanic eruptions can include carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.
    • The greenhouse gases that affect earth include carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
    • Beginning recently, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have increased beyond the historical maximum of 300 ppm.
    • No other driver of climate change has yielded changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels at this rate or to this magnitude.
    • The primary mechanism that releases carbon dioxide is the burning of fossil fuels, such as gasoline, coal, and natural gas .
  • The Carbon Cycle

    • Carbon enters the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide via the carbon cycle and returns to organic carbon via photosynthesis.
    • Carbon is released as carbon dioxide when a volcano erupts or from volcanic hydrothermal vents.
    • Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form bicarbonate and carbonate ions.
    • Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide gas to organic carbon, while respiration cycles the organic carbon back into carbon dioxide gas.
    • Volcanic activity and human emissions bring this stored carbon back into the carbon cycle.
  • The Importance of Carbon

  • The Carbon Cycle

  • The Chemical Basis for Life

    • On earth, carbon circulates through the land, ocean, and atmosphere, creating what is known as the Carbon Cycle.
    • This global carbon cycle can be divided further into two separate cycles: the geological carbon cycles takes place over millions of years, whereas the biological or physical carbon cycle takes place from days to thousands of years.
    • In a nonliving environment, carbon can exist as carbon dioxide (CO2), carbonate rocks, coal, petroleum, natural gas, and dead organic matter.
    • The fundamental component for all of these macromolecules is carbon.
    • All living things contain carbon in some form, and carbon is the primary component of macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
  • Acetyl CoA to CO2

    • The acetyl carbons of acetyl CoA are released as carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle.
    • In the presence of oxygen, acetyl CoA delivers its acetyl group to a four-carbon molecule, oxaloacetate, to form citrate, a six-carbon molecule with three carboxyl groups.
    • In the citric acid cycle, the two carbons that were originally the acetyl group of acetyl CoA are released as carbon dioxide, one of the major products of cellular respiration, through a series of enzymatic reactions .
    • For each molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the citric acid cycle, two carbon dioxide molecules are released, removing the carbons from the acetyl group.
    • Describe the fate of the acetyl CoA carbons in the citric acid cycle
  • Hydrocarbons

    • As the backbone of the large molecules of living things, hydrocarbons may exist as linear carbon chains, carbon rings, or combinations of both.
    • The hydrocarbons ethane, ethene, and ethyne serve as examples of how different carbon-to-carbon bonds affect the geometry of the molecule.
    • The suffixes "-ane," "-ene," and "-yne" refer to the presence of single, double, or triple carbon-carbon bonds, respectively.
    • Carbon can form five-and six membered rings.
    • Single or double bonds may connect the carbons in the ring, and nitrogen may be substituted for carbon.
  • The Role of Prokaryotes in Ecosystems

    • Prokaryotes play vital roles in the movement of carbon dioxide and nitrogen in the carbon and nitrogen cycles.
    • Carbon is one of the most important macronutrients.
    • Prokaryotes play an important role in the carbon cycle .
    • Although the largest carbon reservoir in terrestrial ecosystems is in rocks and sediments, that carbon is not readily available.
    • A large amount of available carbon is found in land plants, which are producers that use carbon dioxide from the air to synthesize carbon compounds.
  • The Chemical Composition of Plants

    • Plants are composed of water, carbon-containing organics, and non-carbon-containing inorganic substances such as potassium and nitrogen.
    • Since plants require nutrients in the form of elements such as carbon and potassium, it is important to understand the chemical composition of plants.
    • An organic compound is a chemical compound that contains carbon, such as carbon dioxide obtained from the atmosphere.
    • Carbon that was obtained from atmospheric CO2 composes the majority of the dry mass within most plants.
    • An inorganic compound does not contain carbon and is not part of, or produced by, a living organism.
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